How to Configure Channel Access

Basic Operation, One IOC on same subnet

Assume an IOC has a record "fred", and you want to use "caget fred" or a similar CA client to read it.

When starting out with one IOC on the network, things are simple:

CA clients will by default broadcast name search requests to UDP port 5064 on the subnet. As long as the IOC is on any computer on the subnet, it should eventually receive those search requests. Server and client then establish a TCP connection, and data is exchanged.

Multiple IOCs on different computers, but same subnet

If running multiple IOCs, each on their own computer, on the same subnet, the basic broadcast name search will still succeed, no change necessary.

IOCs on different subnets

The default broadcast name search is limited to the subnet of the computer running the CA client. To reach IOCs on one or more additional subnets, the environment variable EPICS_CA_ADDR_LIST needs to be configured. It can list either the specific IP addresses of each IOC, or the broadcast address of their subnet. Note, however, that routers will often not forward broadcast requests, which suggests using specific IP addresses.

Multiple IOCs on the same computer

When starting the first IOC on a computer, it will listen to name searches on UDP port 5064. When starting a second IOC on the same computer, it will also listen to name searches on UDP port 5064. Due to limitations in most network kernels, however, only the IOC started last will actually receive UDP search requests that are sent to that computer, port 5064. As a workaround, you need to configure the EPICS_CA_ADDR_LIST to use the broadcast address of the respective subnet.

Multiple IOCs on the same computer but on a different subnet

Combining the last two points results in a problem: To reach multiple IOCs on the same computer, EPICS_CA_ADDR_LIST must be set to the broadcast address of that computer's subnet. If that subnet, however, is different from the CA client's subnet, routers tend to not allow such broadcast traffic.

There are several options to solve this:

Channel Access Gateway

The gateway, running on the subnet that has the desired IOCs, will use the broadcast address of that subnet in its EPICS_CA_ADDR_LIST, so it can reach all IOCs, including multiple IOCs running on the same computer, throughout that subnet. The CA client on a different subnet uses only EPICS_CA_ADDR_LIST=ip-of-the-gateway to directly reach the gateway, which is possible via routers.

In addition to establishing the basic connectivity, the gateway also offers IOC load reduction and it can add access security, for example limit write access.

CA Nameserver

You can run a CA Name Server in the GUI subnet which knows about the IOCs and responds to search requests; in this case you would *not* set the EPICS_CA_ADDR_LIST variables. This is almost equivalent to running a CA Gateway, but is slightly more robust in that if the Nameserver process dies it wouldn't kill any existing connections.

UDP Broadcast Packet Relay

If you have access to a machine with a network interface on both subnets you could also try running a program on it called UDP Broadcast Packet Relay https://www.joachim-breitner.de/udp-broadcast-relay/ which forwards broadcast packets between subnets. You would probably have to run it twice, once on port 5064 and once on 5065; the first one will forward CA search requests between the subnets, and the second sends the CA beacons. If you do have success with this please let us know, we use it here at the APS for forwarding timing UDP packets but not for CA.

Firewalls

Firewalls may need to be configured to pass the UDP and TCP 5064 traffic.

The channel access reference manual, http://www.aps.anl.gov/epics/base/R3-14/8-docs/CAref.html provides a lot more detail.