How to Configure Channel Access
How to Configure Channel Access
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Basic Operation, One IOC on same subnet
Assume an IOC has a record "fred", and you want to use "caget fred" or a similar CA client to read it.
When starting out with one IOC on the network, things are simple:
CA clients will by default broadcast name search requests to UDP port 5064 on the subnet. As long as the IOC is running on on any computer on that subnet, it should receive those search requests. Server and client will then establish a TCP connection, and data is exchanged.
Multiple IOCs on different computers, but same subnet
If running multiple IOCs, each on their own computer, on the same subnet, the basic broadcast name search will still succeed, no change necessary.
IOCs on different subnets
The default broadcast name search is limited to the subnet of the computer running the CA client. To reach IOCs on one or more additional subnets, the environment variable EPICS_CA_ADDR_LIST needs to be configured. It can list either the specific IP addresses of each IOC, or the broadcast address of their subnet. Note, however, that routers will often not forward broadcast requests, which suggests using specific IP addresses.
Multiple IOCs on the same computer
When starting the first IOC on a computer, it will listen to name searches on UDP port 5064. When starting a second IOC on the same computer, it will also listen to name searches on UDP port 5064. Due to limitations in most network kernels, however, only the IOC started last will actually receive UDP search requests that are sent to that computer, port 5064. As a workaround, you need to configure the EPICS_CA_ADDR_LIST to use the broadcast address of the respective subnet.
Alternatively, you can automatically set up iptables rules that will circumvent the problem. (See How to Make Channel Access Reach Multiple Soft IOCs on a Linux Host.)
Multiple IOCs on the same computer but on a different subnet
Combining the last two points results in a problem: To reach multiple IOCs on the same computer, EPICS_CA_ADDR_LIST must be set to the broadcast address of that computer's subnet. If the IOCs' subnet is different from the CA client's subnet however, the broadcast search packets will not usually be forwarded by the intermediate network routers.
There are several options to solve this:
Channel Access Gateway
The PV gateway, running on the subnet that has the desired IOCs, will use the broadcast address of that subnet in its EPICS_CA_ADDR_LIST, so it can reach all IOCs, including multiple IOCs running on the same computer, throughout that subnet. A CA client on a different subnet uses only EPICS_CA_ADDR_LIST=ip-of-the-gateway to directly reach the gateway, which is possible via routers.
In addition to establishing the basic connectivity, the gateway also offers IOC load reduction and it can add access security, for example limit write access.
CA Nameserver
You can run a CA Name Server in the GUI subnet which knows about the IOCs and responds to search requests; in this case you would not set the EPICS_CA_ADDR_LIST variables. This is almost equivalent to running a CA Gateway, but is slightly more robust because if the Nameserver process dies it wouldn't kill any existing connections.
UDP Broadcast Packet Relay
If you have access to a machine with a network interface on both subnets you can run a program on it called UDP Broadcast Packet Relay to forward UDP broadcast packets between the subnets. For best performance you should run it twice, once for port 5064 and again for 5065. The first one will forward CA search requests between the subnets, while the second redistributes CA beacons which help channels reconnect faster after an IOC has been turned off for some time.
Firewalls
Firewalls may need to be configured to pass UDP and TCP traffic on both ports 5064 and 5065.
The Channel Access Reference Manual provides a lot more detail.
