V4 Design: dbdClass
EPICS: dbdClasses - IOC record
June 21 2005
Overview
This document describes the C++ class definitions for code that implements the semantics for records created from Database Definitions. The definitions are intended for code that:
- includes header files generated from dbd definitions. Header files are generated from the following dbd definitions:
- record - Should only be included by record support.
- struct - Included by code that understands the struct.
- menu - Included by code that understands the menu.
- does not include the header files.
The following headers files are described:
- dbfTypes.h - Type definitions for field definitions in struct or record> DBD definitions.
- dbdStatements.h - Type definitions for DBD statements.
- dbdInterfaces.h - Type definitions for interfaces related to DBD definitions.
dbfTypes
File dbfTypes.h describes types and classes that are used in header files generated from dbd struct or record field definitions. The following naming conventions are used:
- C++ struct vs class
- A C++ class is used for a class that has methods and struct is used for a class that has only data.
- Dbf
- any class starting with Dbf describes a field in a generated header file. For example DbfString describes a field generated from field(name,string).
- Dbd
- A class name starting with Dbd describes something related to dbd definitions. For example DbdLinkSupport describes a dbd link definition.
dbfTypes.h
Every field in the header files generated from DBD struct and record definitions has one on the following types:
enum dbfType { dbfTypeBoolean, // epicsBoolean dbfTypeOctet, // epicsOctet dbfTypeInt16, // epicsInt16 dbfTypeInt32, // epicsInt32 dbfTypeInt64, // epicsInt64 dbfTypeFloat32, // epicsFloat32 dbfTypeFloat64, // epicsFloat64 dbfTypeString, // EpicsString dbfTypeArray, // DbfArray dbfTypeMDArray // DbfMDArray dbfMenuT, // DbfMenu dbfEnumT, // DbfEnum dbfLinkT, // DbfLink dbfDeviceT // DbfDevice dbfTypeStruct, // DbfStruct };
Discussion of dbfTypes
DBD type
- bool,...,string all become an epicsType , i.e. epicsBoolean,...EpicsString
- array becomes a DbfArray or DbfMDArray.
- struct becomes a DbfStruct
- menu becomes DbfMenu
- enum becomes DbfEnum
- link becomes DbfLink
- device becomes DbfDevice
If a record is defined as:
struct(displayLimits) { field(low,double) field(high,double) } record(xxx) extends iocRecord { ... field(fbool,bool) field(foctet,octet) field(fint,int16) ... field(ffloat,float64) field(fstring,string) field(array,array(double[]) field(mdarray,array(double[,]) field(fmenu,menu(name)) field(fenum,enum) field(flink,link(in)) field(fdevice,link(in,analogIO)) field(displayLimits,struct(displayLimits)) }
Then the generated header file will be
class xxxRecord : public iocRecord { public: epicsBoolean fbool; epicsOctet foctet; epicsInt16 fint; ... epicsFloat64 ffloat; EpicsString fstring; DbfArray array; DbfMDArray mdarray; DbfMenu fmenu; DbfEnum fenum; DbfLink flink; DbfDevice fdevice; DbfStruct displayLimits; };
Database Field Types
epicsTypes
Fields of type epicsBoolean, epicsOctet, epicsInt16, epicsInt32, epicsInt64, epicsFloat32, or epicsFloat64 are all a C++ fundamental type. When a record instance is created these are all initialized to 0.
Record support code can directly access such fields via the generated header file. Some examples are:
xxxRecord &record; epicsInt16 myint; ... record.ffloat = 10.0 ... myint = record.fint;
Code that does not include the generated header file can access these fields via the introspecion interfaces described later in this document. For example code that expects a epicsFloat64 field can access it via
EpicsString pvname; DbAddr *pDbAddr; epicsFloat64 *pfield; ... pDbAddr = pDbdLocate->nameToAddr(pvname); if(!pDbAddr || (pDbAddr->getType != dbfTypeFloat64)) // do SOMETHING pfield = (epicsFloat64 *)pDbAddr->getAddr(); *pfield = 10.0;
A field of type EpicsString is initialized via the default constructor for EpicsString, which means that no EpicsBuffer is created. Record support must call createBuffer.
Code that includes the generated header file can call the EpicsString methods. For an example lets assume that record support creates a contiguous buffer and the record support wants to print the string value.
xxxRecord &record; const epicsOctet *pdata; epicsInt32 len; ... if(!record.string->expose(0,len,pdata)) {// do something} ... printf("%.*s\n",pdata,len);
Code that does not include the header file can use the introspection methods to locate the field. For example:
EpicsString pvname; DbAddr *pDbAddr; EpicsString *pfield; ... pDbAddr = pDbdLocate->nameToAddr(pvname); if(!pDbAddr || (pDbAddr->getType != dbfTypeString)) // do SOMETHING pfield = (EpicsString *)pDbAddr->getAddr(); ...
DbfArray
DbfArray is:
struct DbfArray { dbfType type; EpicsArray *parray; };
Code that includes the header file can directly access the DbfArray. Code that does not include the header file can use the introspection methods to get the address of the DbfArray.
Class definitions for arrays of types octet, int16, int32, int64, float32, and float64 are described below. These classes make it easy to access a DbfArray of each of these types.
An example of how the classes can be used is:
DbfArray array; ... Float64Array floatArray(array); epicsFloat64 *pdata = new epicsFloat64[10]; ... floatArray.put(0,10,pdata);
DbfMDArray
DbfMDArray is:
Need something like for DbfArray except that convenience classes will be
class BasicTypeMDArray; class OctetMDArray ; class Int32MDArray ; class Int64MDArray ; class Float32MDArray ; class Float64MDArray ;
DbfMenu
DbfMenu is described as:
struct DbfMenu{ epicsInt16 index; DbdMenu *pmenuDef; };
DbfMenu provides the current menu index and also the menu definition. A field of type DbfMenu is automatically initialized by dbLoadRecords.
A DbfMenu field can be accessed via the generated header file of via the introspection methods.
Given the address of a menu field the following show how to access the menu data.
DbfMenu *pmenu; epicsInt16 index; EpicsString *name;
index = pmenu->index;
index = pmenu->index; name = pmenu->pmenuDef->papchoice[index];
Question?
- What are the rules for changing menu choices?
- Should a class be defined for accessing DbdMenu?
DbfEnum
DbfEnum is described as:
struct DbfEnum{ epicsInt16 index; DbfArray *pfield; //EpicsArray of epicsTypeString };
pfield is the address of a field in the same record that is a DbfArray of type EpicsString. It contains the choices.
A field of type DbfEnum is automatically initialized by dbLoadRecords.
Questions?
- Do we want convenience classes for accessing choices?
DbfLink and DbdDevice
DbfLink is described as
enum LinkDir { LinkDirNone, LinkDirForward, LinkDirIn, LinkDirOut, LinkDirInOut }; struct DbfLink{ LinkDir dir; DbdLink *plinkDef; DbfStruct dataStruct; }; struct DbfDevice{ LinkDir dir; DbdDevice *pDbdDevice; DbfStruct dataStruct; };
The fields of DbfLink are initialized by dbLoadRecords as follows:
- dir
- This is taken from either the field definition or from the DbdLink definition and is the most restrictive. For example if one says inout and the other says in then dir will be in.
- plinkDef
- This is the address of the DbdLink.
- dataStruct
- The describes the data structure specified in the dbd link definition. It contains data used by the link support.
Link support always implements interface DbdLinkSupport
A DbfDevice is similar to a DbfLink except that the interface implemented by the device support is also specified, i.e. instead of implementing interface DbdLinkSupport, the device support implements an interface that both record support and device support understand.
DbfStruct
DbfStruct is described as
struct DbfStruct { DbdStruct *pdescription; void *pstorage; };
The fields of DbfStruct are initialized by dbLoadRecords as follows:
- pdescription
- This is initialized via the structure name specified in field definition.
- pstorage
- This is initialized by calling DbdStructLifetime:allocate
dbdStatements
The definitions in dbdStatements.h describe everything defined in DBD definitions.
In the definitions:
- NODE and LIST specify a doubly linked list. An implementation is not specified.
- class Interface {}; Represents an unspecified interface.
DbdMenu
struct DbdMenu{ NODE node; // for DbdBase:menuList EpicsString name; epicsInt16 nchoices; EpicsString **papchoice; // ptr to array of ptr to EpicsString };
The fields of DbdMenu are:
- node
- node for DbdBase:menuList
- name
- The menu name.
- nchoices
- The number of menu choices.
- pchoice
- The address of an array of pointers to EpicsString. Each EpicsString is a choice.
DbdLink and DbdDevice
struct DbdLink{ //describes dbd link statement NODE node; // For DbdBase:linkList LinkDir dir; EpicsString choiceName; EpicsString dataStructName; DbdLinkSupport *pinterface; };
struct DbdDevice { //describes dbd device statement NODE node; // For DbdBase:deviceList LinkDir dir; EpicsString choiceName; EpicsString dataStructName; EpicsString interfaceName; Interface *pinterface; };
A dbd link definition is described by DbdLink
- node
- This is a node for DbdLinkList
- dir
- The link direction
- choiceName
- The name that connects a DbdLink to a DbfLink instance.
- dataStructName
- The class name of an DbdStruct for the Interface implementation
- pinterface
- The address of the DbdLinkSupport Interface implementation.
Each dbd device definition is described by DbdDevice
- node
- This is a node for DbdDeviceList
- dir
- The link direction
- choiceName
- The name that matches a DbdDevice to a DbfDevice instance.
- dataStructName
- The class name of an EpicsStruct for the Interface implementation
- interfaceName
- The name of the interface type implemented by the device support
- pinterface
- The address of the Interface implementation.
DbdStruct and DbdRecord
struct DbdAttribute { EpicsString default; epicsBoolean readonly; epicsBoolean design; epicsBoolean special; epicsBoolean dynamic; epicsInt16 asl; };
struct DbdStringDefaults { // defaults for string const char *bufferType; epicsInt32 capacity; };
struct DbdArrayDefaults { // defaults for array dbfType type; const char *bufferType; epicsInt32 capacity; epicsInt32 nelements; };
struct DbdMDArrayDefaults { // defaults for mdarray dbfType type; epicsInt16 ndim const char *bufferType; epicsInt32 capacity; };
struct DbdStructDefaults { // defaults for struct DbdStruct *pdescription; };
struct DbdField { const char *name; dbfType type; union { DbdStringDefaults *pstring; DbdArrayDefaults *parray; DbdMDArrayDefaults *pmdarray; DbdStructDefaults *pstruct; } defaults; DbdAttribute attribute; };
struct DbdStruct{ // describes a struct NODE node; // for DbdBase:structList const char *name; epicsInt16 nfields; DbdField **papfield;//ptr to array of ptr to DbdField DbdStructLifetime *plifetime; };
struct DbdRecord { // describes a record NODE node; // for DbdBase:recordList LIST instanceList; const char *name; epicsInt16 nfields; DbdField **papfield;//ptr to array of ptr to DbdField DbdRecordSupport *psupport; DbdRecordLifetime *plifetime; };
The following describe the fields in a dbd struct or record definition: DbdStruct, DbdRecord, DbdField,and DbdAttribute
The fields of DbdStruct are:
- node
- node for DbdBase:structList
- name
- The name of the struct.
- nfields
- The number of fields, e.g. fields in the structure.
- pafields
- pointer to an array of DbdField.
- plifetime
- The address of an implementation of interface DbdStructLifetime. The implementation is automatically generated from the dbd struct. See below for a description of the Lifetime methods.
The fields of DbdRecord are;
- node
- node for DbdBase:recordList
- instanceList
- list of instances of this record type
- name
- The name of the record type.
- nfields
- The number of fields, e.g. fields in the record.
- pafields
- pointer to an array of DbdField.
- psupport
- The address of the DbdRecordSupport for this record type.
- plifetime
- The address of an implementation of interface DbdRecordLifetime. The implementation is automatically generated from the dbd record statement. See below for a description of the Lifetime methods.
The fields of DbdField are:
- name
- The name of the field
- type
- The dbfType of the field.
- defaults
- a union of default values. The default values depend on the record type definitions. Most types do not have associated default values. Note that these are defaults for the description of the field NOT for values to put in the field.
- attribute
- DbdAttribute for the field
The fields of DbdAttribute are:
- default
- An EpicsString providing a default value for the field.
- readonly
- Is the field readonly?
- design
- Is the field a design fields for DCTs?
- special
- Should DbdRecordSupport:special be called if the field is modified.
- dynamic
- Can the field change because of record processing?
- asl
- The access security level.
Record Instance
struct DbdUserField{ // describes a dbd userField statement NODE node; // For DbdBase:userFieldList EpicsString choiceName; epicsType type; EpicsString dataStructName; DbdUserFieldHandler *pinterface; }; struct DbdUserFieldInstance { NODE node; // for DbdRecordInstance.userField EpicsString name; // user field name dbfType sourceType; void *psource; DbdUserField *pDbdUserField; void *pstorage; // for DbdUserField.type DbfStruct dataStruct; }; struct DbdRecordInstance { NODE node; // for DbdRecord.instanceList DbdRecord *pDbdRecord; void *pstorage; EpicsString name; LIST userField; // of DbdUserFieldInstance };
NOTE: userField has NOT been defined.
Each dbd userField definition has an associated class DbdUserField with fields:
- node
- This is a node for DbdUserFieldList
- choiceName
- The name that matches a DbdUserField to a DbdUserFieldInstance
- type
- The epicsType for the user field
- dataStructName
- The class name of an EpicsStruct for the DbdUserFieldHandler
- pinterface
- The address of the DbdUserFieldHandler implementation.
A record instance has two associated classes:DbdUserFieldInstance and DbdRecordInstance.
DbdUserFieldInstance contains information for a user defined field:
- node
- A node for list DbdRecordInstance.userField
- name
- The name of the user defined field, i.e. the psuedo field name
- sourceType
- the type of the field of the record that DbdUserFieldHandler accesses.
- psource
- The address of the field that DbdUserFieldHandler accesses.
- pDbdUserField
- The DbdUserField that describes the field
- pstorage
- Address of storage for the dbfType.
- dataStruct
- An DbfStruct that holds the private data for the DbdUserFieldHandler.
The fields of DbdRecordInstance are:
- node
- A node for list DbdRecord.instanceList
- pDbdRecord
- address of the DbdRecord describing the record
- pstorage
- address of the storage for the record instance
- name
- The name of the record instance
- userField
- DbdUserFieldInstance list for the record instance.
Base
struct DbdBase { LIST structList; LIST recordList; LIST menuList; LIST linkList; LIST deviceList; LIST userFieldList; };
This is only accessable via the introspection interfaces described in the next
section. They are shown here for completeness.
The following provide lists of various things:
- structList
- The list of each struct definition
- recordList
- The list of each record type definition
- menuList
- The list of each menu definition
- linkList
- The list of each link definition
- deviceList
- The list of each device definition
- userFieldList
- The list of each DbdUserField definition
Introspection
This section describes interfaces provided by iocCore for locating information related to Dbf and Dbd definitions.
class DbAddr { public: DbAddr(EpicsString &pvname); DbAddr(EpicsString &recordName, EpicsString &fieldName); virtual ~DbAddr(); virtual epicsType getType() = 0; virtual void *getAddr() = 0; virtual DbdRecordInstance *getDbdRecordInstance() = 0; virtual void getIndex(epicsInt16 *nlevels,epicsInt16 *paindex) = 0; };
class DbdLocate { public: DbdMenu *menu(EpicsString &menuName); DbdLink *link(EpicsString &choiceName); DbdDevice *device(EpicsString &choiceName); DbdStruct *struct(EpicsString &name); DbdRecord *record(EpicsString &name); DbdUserField *userField(EpicsString &name); DbdRecordInstance *recordInstance(EpicsString &name); DbAddr *nameToAddr(EpicsString &pvname); void registerRecordSupport(EpicsString &name, DbdRecordSupport &support); void registerLinkSupport(EpicsString &choiceName, EpicsString &dataStructName, DbdLinkSupport &support); void registerDeviceSupport(EpicsString &choiceName, EpicsString &dataStructName, EpicsString &interfaceName, DbdLinkSupport &support); }; extern DbdLocate *pDbdLocate;
class DbdRecordIntrospect { public: epicsInt16 fieldIndex(DbdRecordInstance &instance,EpicsString &name); void *fieldAddr(DbdRecordInstance &instance, epicsInt16 index); };
Field access
This section describes interfaces provided by iocCore for modifying fields in database reords.
DbfArray access
Classes are provided for accessing DbfArray fields that are arrays of any of the following primitive types: octet, int, float.
class BasicTypeArray { public: BasicTypeArray(DbfArray &array); BasicTypeArray(DbfArray &array, const char *bufferType, epicsInt32 capacity); BasicTypeArray(DbfArray &array, BufferCreator *creator, epicsInt32 capacity); virtual ~BasicTypeArray(); epicsInt32 getElementSize() const; void useBuffer(const char *bufferType, epicsInt32 capacity = 0); void useBuffer(EpicsBufferCreator *creator, epicsInt32 capacity = 0); void destroy(); EpicsBufferCreator *creator() const; bool mutable() const; protected: DbfArray &array; private: BasicTypeArray(const EpicsBasicTypeArray &);// No copy constructor // No assignment operator BasicTypeArray& operator=(const EpicsBasicTypeArray &); };
class Int16Array : public BasicTypeArray{ public: Int16Array(DbfArray &array); Int16Array(DbfArray &array, const char *bufferType, epicsInt32 capacity); Int16Array(DbfArray &array, EpicsBufferCreator *creator, epicsInt32 capacity); ~Int16Array(); epicsInt16 *element(epicsInt32 index); const epicsInt16 * element(epicsInt32 index) const; epicsInt32 get(epicsInt32 offset, epicsInt32 len, epicsInt16 *pto) const; epicsInt32 put(epicsInt32 offset, epicsInt32 len, const epicsInt16 *pfrom);
// These are similar to Buffer, measured in elements not octets void reserve(epicsInt32 capacity); epicsInt32 capacity() const; void resize(epicsInt32 newsize); epicsInt32 size() const; epicsInt32 maxSize() const; void expose(epicsInt32 offset, epicsInt32 &len, epicsInt16 *&pdata); void expose(epicsInt32 offset, epicsInt32 &len, const epicsInt16 *&pdata) const; private: Int16Array(const EpicsInt16Array &); // No copy constructor Int16Array& operator=(const EpicsInt16Array &); // No assignment operator };
// The following are like Int16Array except for type class OctetArray ; class Int32Array ; class Int16Array; class Int64Array ; class Float32Array ; class Float64Array ;
DbdFieldPutString
Given an EpicsString, these methods put a value in a Dbf field
class DbdFieldPutString { public: void primitive(EpicsString *pfrom, dbfType type, void *pstorage); void string(EpicsString *pfrom, EpicsString *pEpicsString); void array(EpicsString *pfrom, DbfArray *parray); void dbfStruct(EpicsString *pfrom, DbfStruct *pstruct); void dbfMDArray(EpicsString *pfrom, DbfMDArray *parray); } extern DbdFieldPutString *pDbdFieldPutString;
DbdFieldPutString is an interface, which has an implementation provided by iocCore, that convert an EpicsString to an dbfType.
The methods are:
- primitive
- This convert a string to one of the types: epicsBoolean, ..., epicsFloat64
- string
- Copies an EpicsString to an EpicsString
- array
- Accepts a string that has the DBD array initialization syntax, locates the string value for each element and calls either DbdFieldPutString:primitive or DbdFieldPutString:string to convert the value and put it into the correct element of DbfArray
- dbfStruct
- Accepts a string that has the DBD struct initialialization syntax, locates the string value associated with each field and calls primitive, string, or array to convert the value and put the result of the correct field of DbfStruct
- dbfMDArray
- Accepts a string that has the DBD array initialization syntax, locates the string value for each element and calls either DbdFieldPutString:primitive or DbdFieldPutString:string to convert the value and put it into the correct element of DbfMDArray
Automatically Generated Interfaces
// For struct definitions // An DbdStructLifetime interface is automatically generated. class DbdStructLifetime { public: virtual void allocate(DbfStruct &struct) = 0; virtual void destroy(DbfStruct &struct) = 0; virtual bool initialize(DbfStruct *pDbfStruct) = 0; virtual bool finalize(DbfStruct *pDbfStruct) = 0; virtual void *exposeField(DbfStruct &struct, epicsInt16 index) = 0; };
// For record definitions a DbdRecordLifetime is automatically generated. class DbdRecordLifetime{ public: virtual void allocate(DbdRecordInstance *pDbdRecordInstance) = 0; virtual void destroy(DbdRecordInstance *pDbdRecordInstance) = 0; virtual bool initialize(DbdRecordInstance *pDbdRecordInstance) = 0; virtual bool finalize(DbdRecordInstance *pDbdRecordInstance) = 0; virtual void *exposeField(DbdRecordInstance *pDbdRecordInstance, epicsInt16 index) = 0; };
Every dbd struct and record has an associated Lifetime interface implementation. A tool is provided that automatically generates the implementation from the dbd definition.
DbdStructLifetime and DbdRecordLifetime each has the following fields:
- allocate
- Creates storage for the struct or record.
- destroy
- frees storage
- exposeField
- Given an index it returns the address of the storage for the field. Note the the generated header files assign an index to each field.
- initialize
- initializes the struct or record
- finalize
- cleans up but does not free storage
Record Support
/* record support implements the following*/ class DbdRecordSupport { public: virtual bool initBuffers(DbdRecordInstance *pDbdRecordInstance) = 0; virtual bool initConnections(DbdRecordInstance *pDbdRecordInstance) = 0; virtual bool breakConnections(DbdRecordInstance *pDbdRecordInstance) = 0; virtual bool process(DbdRecordInstance *pDbdRecordInstance) = 0; virtual void special(DbdRecordInstance *pDbdRecordInstance, bool after, epicsInt16 nlevels, // number of elements in fieldIndex epicsInt16 fieldIndex[] // array of field indices ) = 0; };
This is the interface implemented by each record support module.
DbdRecordSupport has the following methods:
- initBuffers
- This is called during record initialization. It is responsible for creating the buffers associated with each string and array field. It may call associated support to do the initialization.
- initConnections
- This is called to connect to external sources. It may call associated support to make the connections.
- breakConnections
- This is called to disconnect to external sources. It may call associated support to break the connections.
- process
- Process the record.
- special
- This is called whenever an external source modifies a field with attribute special set to true.
User Field Support
class DbdUserFieldHandler { public: virtual bool initialize( iocRecord *precord,DbdUserFieldInstance *puserField) = 0; virtual bool finalize( iocRecord *precord,DbdUserFieldInstance *puserField) = 0; virtual bool process( iocRecord *precord,DbdUserFieldInstance *puserField) = 0; };
This is the interface implemented by code for user extensible fields.
DbdUserFieldHandler has the following fields:
- initialize
- Initialize the user field.
- finalize
- undo what was done during initialization
- process
- Called near the end of record processing just before monitors are handled.
Link and Device Support
// link support modules implement the following interface class DbdLinkSupport { public: virtual void report(iocRecord *precord, DbfLink *pdbfLink) = 0; virtual bool initialize(iocRecord *precord, DbfLink *pdbfLink) = 0; virtual bool finalize(iocRecord *precord, DbfLink *pdbfLink) = 0; virtual bool connect(iocRecord *precord, DbfLink *pdbfLink) = 0; virtual bool disconnect(iocRecord *precord, DbffLink *pdbfLink) = 0; virtual bool get(iocRecord *precord, DbffLink *pdbfLink, epicsType type, void *pfield) = 0; virtual bool put(iocRecord *precord, DbfLink *pdbfLink, epicsType type, void *pfield) = 0; };
This is the interface implemented by the support associated with each DBD link.
DbdLinkSupport has the following methods:
- report
- generate a report about the link instance
- initialize
- perform initialization but do not connect
- finalize
- undo initialization. It is assumed that disconnect has already been called.
- connect
- connect to external source of data
- disconnect
- disconnect from external source of data
- get
- get a value from the external source. type specified the field type and pfield is the address of where to store the data.
- put
- put a value from the external source. type specified the field type and pfield is the address of where to obtain the data.
Multiple interface definitions for device support will be defined.
Record Support and device support must agree on which interface type
is used for communication.
Runtime Database Access
Record Support
Must allow for
- post any field that is modified either by record support or by associated device support.
Link Support
Must allow for
- get
- getNotify
- put
- putNotify
- post any field that is modified
External Access
Must allow for
- permission to get or put
- get
- get after process
- put
- put and process
- put process and notify
- post any field that is modified